Hatshepsut How She Became a Female Pharaoh of Egypt

Hatshepsut was a pharaoh (ruler) of Egypt, one of  very few women to hold that title. A major temple in her honor was built at Deir el-Bahri (Dayru l-Bahri) near Thebes. We know Hatshepsut mostly through references to her during her lifetime that were meant to reinforce her power. We dont have the sort of personal biographical material that we might have for more recent women of history: letters from the woman herself or from those who knew her, for instance. She was lost from history for many years, and scholars have had different theories about when to date her reign. Hatshepsut was  born about 1503 BCE. She reigned from about 1473 to 1458 BCE (the dates are not certain).   She was part of the Eighteenth Dynasty, New Kingdom. Family Hatshepsut was the daughter of Thutmose I and Ahmose. Thutmose I was the third pharaoh in Egypts 18th Dynasty, and was likely the son of Amenhotep I and Senseneb, a minor wife or concubine. Ahmose was the Great Royal Wife of Thutmose I; she may have been a sister or daughter of Amenhotep I. Three children, including Hapshetsup, are associated with her. Hatshepsut married her half-brother Thutmose II, whose father was Thutmose I and mother was Mutnofret. As Great Royal Wife of Thutmose II, Hatshepsut bore him one daughter, Neferure, one of three known offspring of Thutmose II. Thutmose II Thutmose III, son of Thutmose II and a minor wife, Iset, became the Pharaoh on the death of Thutmose II, who ruled for about 14 years. Thutmose III was likely very young (estimated between 2 and 10 years old), and Hatshepsut, his stepmother and aunt, became his regent. Hatshepsut as King Hatshepsut claimed, during her reign, that her father had intended her to be a co-heir with her husband. She gradually assumed the titles, powers and even the ceremonial clothing and beard of a male Pharaoh, claiming legitimacy through a divine birth, even calling herself a female Horus. She was formally crowned as king in about year 7 of her co-reign with Thutmose III. Senenmut, the Advisor Senenmut, an architect, became a key advisor and powerful official under the reign of Hatshepsut. The relationship between Hatshepsut and Senenmut is debated; he was given unusual honors for a palace official. He died before the end of her reign and was not buried in the tombs (2) which had been built for him, leading to speculation on his role and his fate. Military Campaigns The records of Hatshepsuts reign claim that she led military campaigns against several foreign lands including Nubia and Syria. The mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri records a trading expedition in Hatshepsuts name to Punt, a legendary land thought by some to be Eritrea and argued by others to be Uganda, Syria, or other lands. This trip was dated to the 19th year of her rule. Thutmose IIIs Rule Thutmose III eventually became sole Pharaoh, presumably on the death of Hatshepsut when she was 50 years old. Thutmose III was general of the army before Hatshepsuts disappearance. Thutmose III is probably responsible for the destruction of many of Hatshepsuts statues and images, at least 10 and probably 20 years after she died.    Scholars have debated how Hatshepsut died. Finding Hatshepsuts Mummy In June 2007, the Discovery Channel and Dr. Zahi Hawass, head of Egypts Supreme Council of Antiquities, announced a positive identification of a mummy as Hatshepsuts, and a documentary, Secrets of Egypts Lost Queen.   Egyptologist  Dr. Kara Cooney was also involved in the documentary. Many of these details are still being debated by scholars. Places:  Egypt, Thebes, Karnak, Luxor, Deir el-Bahri (Deir el Bahari, Dayru l-Bahri) Hatshepsut also known as:  Hatchepsut, Hatshepset, Hatshepsowe, Queen Hatshepsut, Pharaoh Hatshepsut Bibliography Cooney, Kara.   The Woman Who Would Be King. 2014.  Robins, Gay. Women in Ancient Egypt. 1993.  Tyldesley, Joyce. Hatchepsut, the Female Pharaoh. 1996.  Andronik, Catherine M., and Fiedler, Joseph Daniel. Hatshepsut, His Majesty, Herself. 2001. Ages 9-12.Carter, Dorothy Sharp; illustrated by Michele Chessare. His Majesty, Queen Hatshepsut. 1987. Young Adult.

Impact Of Globalization On The World - 1787 Words

This report will discuss the multiple roles of globalization in providing and transferring new and advanced technologies which, despite their significance, can severely damage the environment. This report will also be covering multiple aspects such as what we mean by globalization as a anomaly of changes. What technologies mean. What are the factors of globalization that supported it and what are the variables of it. First the term â€Å"globalization† must be defined. There are various definitions of it and they are many effects it has on the world. First off, globalization can be defined as a phenomenon of major changes in the conventional world, let it be industrially or environmentally. These changes include multiple variables such as the economic, cultural, political, and technical ones, in addition to major changes in regard to our own personal lives. It is driven by many factors such as economic and technology that is shaped by political climates and nationalized institutions that define rules and regulations. Globalization is an expansion beyond the nation’s borders and geographical features. Many aspects revolution the effectiveness of globalization including transportation, telecommunication, and industrialized advancements. Globalization is an extremely powerful tool that has the power to change the surface of the earth. Globalization started to be felt shortly after the Second World War when transportation and telecommunications advanced rapidly to what it is today.Show MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On The World1158 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Globalization is a movement that evolves over time. It heavily involves trade and business that builds relationships with border countries and overseas. Technology is a critical part of globalization as it involves connecting people in many ways. â€Å"The number of minutes spent on cross-border telephone calls, on a per-capita basis increased from 7.3 in 1991 to 28.8 in 2006† (IMF Staff, p. 271). The growth of technology has made it possible for people to connect almost instantaneouslyRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World1003 Words   |  5 PagesGLOBALIZATION We live in a time of worldwide change. What happens in one part of the world impacts people on the other side of the world. People around the world are influenced by common developments. The term â€Å"globalization† is used to describe this phenomenon. According to Harris, the term is being used in a variety of contexts. In a very broad context, media use it almost daily to refer to a wide variety of political, sociological, environmental, and economic trends. The business worldRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe Past Globalization, it could be argued, began when tribes first realized there were other tribes in the surrounding areas. With different specialties and skills, these groups began to trade. While these groups may not have been very geographically separated, the available world was expanding as more and more people groups began to connect and interact. Landmarks in the development of globalization can be traced through history: from the exchange of both goods and knowledge on the silk roads andRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1244 Words   |  5 PagesIt is without a doubt that the world today has become a â€Å"Global village†. Nobody wants to do or wear or even eat something that’s old news, all are out to get the â€Å"new† thing in the market. People in every corner of the world have access to similar services and products. Let it be fashion, entertainment of even food. Everybody is adopting similar habits. That’s the power of globalization. Gl obalization is the process by which the world is interconnected through technology and powerful infrastructureRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact that globalization provided to the world was a positive effect that expanded the influences from one country to another. Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Similarities on how national markets established themselves in other countries which increases not only international trade but also cultural exchange. This increases cultural trade because it gives countries the abilityRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesThe flattening of the world due to free trade and globalization has had both negative and positive effects on states. 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According to The Economist (2013), economic historians’ opinions tend to differ when it comes to theRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On The World1435 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence and shape the world? Globalisation is described by the financial times to be the ‘process by which national and regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through the global network of trade, communication, immigration and transportation.’ Integration across the planet brings every individual together with a shared sense of purpose where as interdependency goes beyond this. It implies that we rely on and need each other. Across the world there is an interdependencyRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1229 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization is the process by which everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world.† Presently, the world is considered more globalized than it has ever been. The world today has embarked on strong world relations through trade, exchanging both knowledge and goods. According to the World Trade Organization there are ten benefits of trading systems; the first entails the idea that â€Å"people are usually reluctant to fight their customersRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1870 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalization can be defined as the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2016) Globalization is the buzzword of today as someone think it could develop the international. People can contact different things in their own place which are from other countries. Moreover, internet is more important things in globalization whatever for personal or society as it can let us to contact the things

Organizational Staffing Plan Part 2 Free Essays

The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insight into the staffing process to be implemented by the coffee shop. This paper will present several key points in order to procure final loan approval. These points include the formulation of a recruitment plan and strategy, which will be used by the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Staffing Plan: Part 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The targeted communication message and delivery medium will be presented for the purpose of attracting applicants. The selection process to be used will be identified as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this process. The types of initial and substantive assessment methods that can be used to select external candidates and how these assessments align with the staffing strategy will be discussed. And finally, the predictors which will be used to assess the KSAOs will be identified. Recruiting Plan and Implementation Strategy The coffee shop is a smaller business and does not have the staff or budget to run its own recruitment functions effectively. The recruitment strategy that will be used to staff the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years will be the use of an employment website. This open recruitment plan will allow the coffee shop to attract a very diverse set of applicants. The benefit of the employment website is that they will be able to provide the advertising, video advertising, pre-employment screenings, and applicant tracking (Heneman, Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitment has been accomplished, it will be in the best interest of the coffee shop to change the strategy slightly and move towards a more targeted recruitment plan. The coffee shop will be better equipped to handle placing their own advertisements, utilizing social media, and networking from within the staff. This strategy will benefit the coffee shop because they will be able to seek specific individuals with certain, knowledge, skills, ability, and other characteristics. Creating a Communication Message Once the coffee shop moves into their more targeted recruitment plan, they will need to develop a communication message. The communication message is one of the most important aspects to attracting applicants to the available positions. It will be very important to resist the urge to make the message all inclusive. To increase accuracy, the coffee shop will need to aim for one target audience per message. This will mean that there will be multiple messages, but only one message for each position description. It will also be very important that the targeted message reaches the target audience. Therefore, it is imperative that the message convey the benefits of the position to the proper audience (Massachusetts Service Alliance [MA Service Alliance], 2013). The coffee shop is considering using the following targeted communication message for advertising the coffee server positions. Of course this message is being targeted to the nearby college students. Are you looking for a way to make some extra money? Are you looking for more than just a job? Join us in our warm, friendly coffee shop. This will be different from other jobs. You will enjoy working in our fast paced environment. You’ll have the opportunity to make great connections with our customers while providing them with quality beverages and food products. Come join our team while building relationships that will last a lifetime. We offer flexible schedules, great benefits and an environment that is truly welcoming. Selecting an Effective Communication Medium Because the coffee shop’s initial strategy is to use an employment website, the communication medium for the recruitment effort would be the internet. Utilizing the internet will enable the shop to recruit from a vast and diverse talent pool of applicants. An employment website is second only to referral as a source of new hires (Heneman, Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitment is complete, the coffee shop will move to a different communication medium. The coffee shop will be able to utilize advertisement options such as classified ads, radio and television ads, and word of mouth. Because word of mouth is one of the most powerful methods of communicating job opportunities, the coffee shop is anticipating that the current employees will be able to ‘sell’ the coffee shop. In order to minimize advertising costs, it will benefit the coffee shop to utilize social media. Facebook, Twitter, and many other social media sites are a great way to reach out to the community. By maintaining pages on these social media sites, the coffee shop not only will be able to advertise for open positions, but they will also be able to advertise the company and draw in new customers. Selection Process Putting the right person into the right position is the goal of an effective selection process. By selecting the right applicant for each of the positions, the coffee shop will face less absenteeism and employee turnover problems. In addition, the coffee shop will also save time and money (â€Å"Selection Process,† n. d. , Para. 1. ). To begin this process it will be necessary to determine the Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics (KSAOs). And then determine which KSAOs are necessary to assess the applicants. Once identified, a method to assess the KSAOs will need to be determined. The advantages of selecting the employees this way is that the coffee shop will eliminate unqualified applicants early in the process. However, the disadvantage is that it may significantly lessen the pool of applicants. This may require additional time and cost in advertising again for the positions. Selection Assessment Methods By utilizing an employment website, the coffee shop will be presented with applicants that have been prescreened. However, once the coffee shop is established and discontinues the use of an outside agency, it will need to prescreen them to determine which applicants are likely to be high performers if hired. The initial assessment begins with a review of the resume. This review will be necessary to determine if the applicant has listed any skill or experience that meets the qualification requirements. In the case of the store manager, the coffee shop will be looking for retail experience, supervisory experience, and experience analyzing financial reports. Although, a college degree in business or a closely related field may substitute for a portion of the required experience. In addition, the manager position requires a high school diploma. For the server, the experience should be reflected by customer service and cash handling experiences. Once the applicant pool has been reduced to eligible candidates, a structured interview will be conducted. This substantive assessment will be conducted by the owner of the coffee shop. The structured interview will allow for three to five questions. These same questions will be asked of each candidate and will be developed based upon the KSAOs relevant to the position. The questions should reflect the candidate’s behavioral response, either by past behavior or by potential future situations. Benchmark responses and rating scales will be developed in conjunction with the questions to allow for the most desirable evaluation. If it is determined that some of the questions are more important than others, those questions will be weighted. Predictors to Assess KSAOs As seen in the first paper presented, the KSAOs have already been presented. The coffee shop will utilize the necessary KSAOs to further assess the applicant’s knowledge and experience. For the position of store manager, some of the KSAOs that will be necessary are the ability to manage effectively in a fast-paced environment, ability to manage store operations independently, ability to manage multiple situations simultaneously, interpersonal skills, knowledge of customer service techniques, organization and planning skills, team-building skills, ability to plan and prioritize workload, and ability to handle confidential and sensitive information. For the position of coffee server, the KSAOs used in the assessments would be the ability to learn quickly, strong interpersonal skills, the ability to work as part of a team, and the ability to build relationships. In order to predict successful job performance both the resume and the results of the structured interview will be reviewed. The knowledge listed on an applicant’s resume should become highly relevant during the structured interview. The structured interview will allow the candidate to reveal verbal skills, which are necessary to successfully communicate with both fellow workers and customers. The applicants resume will reflect required abilities while the interview will appropriately assess them. Other individual characteristics may be predicted through during the interview. The candidate’s personality, which will not show in a resume, will be revealed at the structured interview. Conclusion For the coffee shop to be successful, it will need to have a recruitment plan as well as a strong strategic plan for the first three years of the business. How to cite Organizational Staffing Plan: Part 2, Papers

Employment in geology Essay Example For Students

Employment in geology Essay There are many fields of geology that each focus on minute details and problems. Though the focus may vary, the relation to geology on a whole is closely intertwined. I will graduate as part of the Spring 2000 class with a degree in elementary education. I feel that with my interest in geology, planning my lessons in this area will be simple. There are some themes in geology that hold precedence over others, such as geomorphology, and astrogeology. I feel that incorporating these topics with lessons will not only be informative but interesting. To a great extent, history must first materialize to give us the facts we have today. Geomorphology derives from Greek words meaning Earth and form. It is simply the study of landforms and how they are related to the formation processes in the environment. By studying the Earths features, an entire history may be deduced. William Smith of England, who is universally recognized as the Founder of Stratiagraphy, was first to recognize that sedimentary rock layers occur in regular sequences and that the fossils they contain can identify different strata. These layers can reveal immense amounts about the Earths history. The type of rock, thickness of the strata, minerals and fossils make it easier to deduce the history of that area. When studying geomorphology, one must instantly think of the developmental means of the earth: erosion. Erosion, by definition, (is) all processes that act to mold and wear down the Earths surface features. These processes include weathering, wind action, glacial processes, marine and fluvial processes (the effects of running water). Erosion is not the only formation process; climatic change, volcanism and plate techtonics also participate in the building and wearing down of the Earths surface. Climate plays a major role in changing Earths features. In areas where glaciation, aridity and humidity vary, landforms such as swamps and prairies may evolve. This occurs when drainage systems are disrupted and the glacial depressions, which first are lakes, fill with sediment, then time takes its toll and they evolve. A notable researcher in climato-genetic geomorphology, Budel, hypothesized that little of the Earths humid temperate regions result from modern processes, rather, it is inherited forom past climatic conditions, including arid and tropical. Meaning, as an example, that during the Tertiary period, there was a prolonged period of plantation, resulting in low-relief plains. It is possible, however that crustal movements and volcanism may have an effect on land formation. Mountains are commonly formed by a combination of climate, rock deformation and crustal movement. At lower latitudes, it is more common for a newly developing mountain to form, but because of the humidity, they also erode quickly. Mountains may experience different forms of evolution and climates at the same time. This occurs because mountains heavily influence the direction of wind and moisture distribution. Some mountains are developed as a continuation to an oceanic trench, such as the Andes. Here, crustal movements, resulting in volcanic eruptions add to the mountain root and peaks. If presented with a hands on project, I feel that children will be more inclined to take interest in these studies. Bibliography: .

The Drew Carey Show Essays - The Drew Carey Show, Drew Carey

The Drew Carey Show Actor, comedian, author and television comedy sensation Drew Carey stars in The Drew Carey Show as an average single everyguy struggling to stay financially and romantically afloat in the unpredictable '90s. From Mohawk Productions, Inc. in association with Warner Bros. Television, this half-hour comedy depicts the life of a wannabe upwardly mobile guy whose looks, well, wouldn't get him work modeling Speedos, but at least he's got a brain and maybe a few dates along the way . . . There's just nothing like sharing a beer, a game of pool and a genuine conversation with your best buddies after a hard day's work. Relationships, careers, the Zen of People magazine--it's what life's all about. And with every day on the job involving some sort of crisis, Drew is given a continuous supply of perspective and attitude from his lifelong pals, Kate (Miller), Oswald (Bader) and Lewis (Stiles). Gorgeous, grown-up tomboy Kate recently broke the heart of package-delivery guy Oswald by ending their relationship on their wedding day. Realizing that she and Oswald are better off as friends, Kate sets out to achieve emotional and professional independence. For his part, Oswald remains humorously bitter about the breakup. Meanwhile, Lewis, a janitor at the rarely seen DrugCo pharmaceutical company, seeks a promotion but ends up at odds with his mysterious employer. Drew's an honest guy who achieved middle-management success as the assistant director of personnel at Cleveland's Winfred-Louder department store through hard work, determination and knowing when to play by the rules. Finally, after many years of dedicated service, Drew has received a long-awaited promotion. But, still healing from his own broken engagement, he's at a crossroads in his life. Drew finds himself questioning his past personal and career choices--and considers making radical changes. While some aspects of Drew's professional life have improved, others never will, such as his cold and ruthless boss, Mr. Nigel Wick (Craig Ferguson), and Wick's obnoxious assistant, Mimi (Kinney), the world's most horribly made-up woman. Straight from England, Wick reigns over the department store, imposing his own caste system over the poor peasants who work under him. Now that Mimi's mad romantic attraction for him has run its course and she has trained her sights on another hapless victim, Wick embarks on a quest for self improvement. As Drew endures Wick's sadistic joy in other people's hardships, he must continue to keep his cool under fire from Mimi's endless insults. He's even taking pride in sticking it right back to her. After three years of co-existing in the same office, Drew and Mimi have actually developed an endearing love/hate tango of childless pranks and put-downs. Drew finds refuge at home, where inevitably one of his friends and fellow entrepreneurs might be bottling their business, Buzz Beer, a burgeoning idea that took root when Drew feared his job would be cut. As long as Wick is around, Drew's not about to give up brewing. It's probably true that Drew takes adulthood more seriously than Oswald, Lewis, Kate and of course, Mimi. But even with deadlines to make and goals to attain, nothing gets in the way of friendship and fun. In fact, even a rainstorm can't keep Drew from his daily game of billiards on the pool table outside of the house he inherited from his parents. And with his lifelong friends by his side, growing up definitely does not mean growing old. The Drew Carey Show is executive produced by Bruce Helford, Drew Carey, Clay Graham and Deborah Oppenheimer and created by Drew Carey and Bruce Helford. Poetry

Pressure Definition and Examples (Science)

Pressure Definition and Examples (Science) Pressure is defined as a measure of the force applied over a unit area. Pressure is often expressed in units of Pascals (Pa), newtons per square meter (N/m2 or kg/m ·s2), or pounds per square inch. Other units include the atmosphere (atm), torr, bar, and meters sea water (msw). In equations, pressure is denoted by the capital letter P or the lowercase letter p. Pressure is a derived unit, generally expressed according to the units of the equation: P F / A where P is pressure, F is force, and A is area Pressure is a scalar quantity. meaning it has a magnitude, but not a direction. This may seem confusing since its usually obvious the force has direction. It may help to consider pressure of a gas in a balloon. There is no obvious direction of the movement of particles in a gas. In fact, they move in all directions such that that the net effect appears random. If a gas is enclosed in a balloon, pressure is detected as some of the molecules collide with the surface of the balloon. No matter where on the surface you measure the pressure, it will be the same. Usually, pressure is a positive value. However, negative pressure is possible. Simple Example of Pressure A simple example of pressure may be seen by holding a knife to a piece of fruit. If you hold the flat part of the knife against the fruit, it wont cut the surface. The force is spread out of a large area (low pressure). If you turn the blade so the cutting edge is pressed into the fruit, the same force is applied over a much smaller surface area (vastly increased pressure), so the surface cuts easily.

Online courses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online courses - Essay Example not hold the same value as traditional degrees do, but this thesis will try to look at the other side of online degrees as having the same value as the conventional degrees. Online colleges, just like their conventional classroom colleges have to follow the laid down guidelines in offering their degree, online colleges just like conventional ones. They have to teach the mandatory units and subjects in a certain degree program, they have to follow the stipulated timelines and grading of the students must be done at regular intervals in a similar way the conventional colleges do (Koontz, Li and Compora 38). In online degree programs, the subjects are taught by a teacher and not a programmed robot as some think, class notes are sent by the teacher to the students through email. The teacher interact with his students online through various ways such as online video chats and message boards, the tests are done online and they are graded by an actual teacher. In a survey conducted to determine the perception of employers toward online degrees, in 2001 only twenty-nine per cent of employers said they would not hire students with online degrees. The rest seventy-one percent said they did not mind the whether the degree was conventional or online as long it was from an accredited institution of learning and the employee had acquired the relevant skills. Some employers are now preferring online degree holder to the conventional degree holders as the online degree holders are perceived to have certain characteristics such self starters, they have self discipline and are able to meet deadlines. In the workforce, online degrees are valued as a great asset since they show the holder was creative enough to be able to complete the programme online successfully (Palloff, Pratt and Palloff 18). A research conducted by the United States department of education in 2009 found that the students who did online degrees performed much better than those who went to the conventional

Organizational Transformation in Practice Essay

Organizational Transformation in Practice - Essay Example The unresolved issue with these advisors was that many customers stuck with a long-term contract after signing for the service without enough acknowledgement and details about the effect or the commitment that the customer has to make or be involved in. The company performance had been inevitably great for many years, being able to reach its annual target. But I soon learnt that since the recession, the management recognized that the performance of the company was not fulfilling its requirements in the sense that it’s targets weren’t being repeatedly achieved as before, leading their employees to then work under pressure, categorized between two units within two managers, and this involved me as a unit manager. The issue was generated by the employees’ new approach with their selling techniques due to the newly enforced pressure by the general manager. In the course of the weekly meetings with the general manager, I was faced with a range of disagreements. An ove rwhelming problem was the frustration accumulating due to the lack of communication. The customers entitlements to the long-term contract were mislead, making them unaware of the policies commitments. I was mentally prepared to engage in negotiations because the other unit manager had been already aware and uncooperative with the required work role. I am always proud of my performance as I did my best to satisfy myself before satisfying my manager, and I do not take well to the management when they insult work which was performed in good faith. I sat in my office, gathering my thoughts as to what I would do first I thought, â€Å"No idea, I feel sick to my stomach† I later learned my physical reaction to the situation was due to my inability to keep my internal focus on my internal locus of control. At that time I was working and going to college full time and I learned in one of my Diploma degree classes that a person’s perception of the source of his or her fate is t ermed locus of control. Some people with an internal locus of control think they can control their destiny or what may or may not happen in their environment. This is what I liked when things were going well. But others controlled by an external locus of control are those controlled by something outside of him or her, which is where I aimed my focus at when things weren’t well? Situations got stressed, passive and defensive due to externals being placed with a stressor; this influenced the stress having a real effect on me. I flashed through my mind other situations in which I’d have felt useless or unsure of my performance. Now I wonder, why was I thinking of myself in this way? What really made the negotiation process more challenging was how I felt about myself; I was worrying if I requested a meeting for negotiation with the other unit manager he would resort in being uncooperative with a very negative behavior. In the beginning I did not send any e-mail to the oth er unit manager, as I had not gotten a plan. I waited, and as he stayed silent, I thought I would feel more confident by taking control. I approached him in the method that I would appreciate being approached by. With the sound that our mutual issue was getting bigger and what could we do to solve this problem? Therefore I proposed an agenda to let him give input to form the agenda for a meeting to negotiate our problems. I gathered that a more structured method would

Postmodernism Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Postmodernism Families - Essay Example It is apparent that the everyday life in the postmodern family significantly changes with the increase of life tempo. Postmodern families thus try to stand afloat of democracy, pluralism, religious freedom and mobility. Families are also affected by increased access to entertainment and news. New postmodern families are provided with new world look meaning that postmodern age has created new beliefs and multiple realities. Nowadays families prefer to ignore the concept of absolute truth. (Hartman 1995) The author states that postmodern society is becoming more epistemological being able to relevance and validation in different ways. Actually it is mentioned that such moving from one type of relations to another will inevitably cause "a self in continuous alteration". (Hartman 1995)For example available technologies provide postmodern families with opportunities to be in different states of motion and mind. Hartman defines postmodern families as floating families suggesting that the boundaries are too porous and weak nowadays. (Hartman 1995) Power is an important attribute of the family and is considered traditional tool for decision-making process. Health care professionals state that oppressive, sexist and authoritarian families face serious problems. Families are also affected by increased access to entertainment and news. New postmodern families are provided with new world look meaning that postmodern age has created new beliefs and multiple realities. Nowadays families prefer to ignore the concept of absolute truth. (Hartman 1995) The author states that postmodern society is becoming more epistemological being able to relevance and validation in different ways.

Tele Health And Tele Care Health Health And Social Care Essay

Tele Health And Tele Care Health Health And Social Care Essay Telehealth and Telecare are both advocated as a means of delivering social health and services effectively and economically in peoples home. By using these two technologies, monitoring activities and safety, providing virtual home visiting, and activating reminder system can be done quickly. Therefore, most of the consumers are elderly people .This paper compares Telehealth and Telecare technologies and highlights the popularity of each technology. The literature review of the paper has focused on defining each technology and looking to the users satisfaction from each technology. The SWOT analysis has been used to demonstrate the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of each technology. To find the popularity of each technology some questionnaire forms has been used which distributed between 40 elderly people of Toronto by random. The results show that people between ages 66-75 are the highest consumers of telehealth and telecare and more satisfied. The overall analysis show ed that telecare satisfaction percentage is higher than telehealth satisfaction percentage however it is recommended for more advertisement for telecare products due to facing lots of people who were unfamiliar with telecare products. Future recommended research is an investigation on elderly and telehealth and telecare technology and focusing on telecare and telehealth interactions and requirements. INTRODUCTION 1.1- Introduction During the past few years there have been growths in possibilities of technical developments in smart environments. Developing the life quality for young, elderly and disabled people has become more and more vital task for todays societies all around the world. What is a smart home? According to the (Smart home, 2009) The terms smart homes, intelligent homes, home networking have been used for more than a decade to introduce the concept of networking devices and equipment in the house. According to the Smart Homes Association the best definition of smart home technology is: the integration of technology and services through home networking for a better quality of living Other terms that are related to smart homes are aware house changeable home, attentive house and ambient intelligence These terms are used to emphasize that the home environment should be able to respond and modify itself continuously according to its diverse residents and their changeable needs According to (Allen, 2001) Assistive technologies (AT) which can be known as a branch of Smart homes is applied to any kind of system or device, which has been designed to help disabled or elderly to overcome their individual disabilities. In other word Assistive technologies are broad range of devices and services that are designed to increase the functional abilities of disabled people. Assistive technology enables disabled and elderly people to become independent and participate more actively in their daily life. Telecare and Telehealth are two effective extensions of smart home technology as the concern is to use of technology to monitor the health of the users. Both telecare and telehealth systems rely on telephone lines or broadband internet as means of transferring information from the source which can be house to the receiver who maybe a doctor or a nurse. 1.2 -Background Telehealth, which is a part of information and communication technologies introduced for delivering health care services and it is considered as a way to answer lots of essential changing in healthcare systems in current years. Many of telehealth projects are taking place to targeting countryside and remote the population. So far, different kinds of telehealth applications have been implemented in developing countries and have shown the outcomes. However telehealth technologies have increased the availability of technology and telecommunication around the world. As (Gagnon et al , 2006) argue in their research, the execution of telehealth still faces major barriers, typically barriers related to structural, organizational and finally professional imperatives. Furthermore the structural barriers related to licensure, information technology developments and settlement of telehealth. Also, issues about health care organizations are also important to ensure the telehealth adoption. More over the adoption of telehealth technology by an individual is considered to be difficult which is determined by a large set of physical factors. According to (Perry et al, 2009) Telecare also is a part of telecommunication and technology which can provide care and support people in their homes. There are three kinds of people who can benefit most from telecare service, elderly people, disabled and those with mobility impairments. The use of this technology is determined to reduce the inappropriate or unnecessary admissions to the hospital especially for falls or any kind of accidents at home. To increase the benefits of telecare, it is necessary to know the opinion of the users about this technology. As (Crump, 2010) discusses, telecare services provide opportunities for technology to replace people in some roles. Although it is a rapid and effective technology for supporting services but it is necessary to have some training before using this technology. In other word this technology can be useful only if you know how to use it correctly otherwise it could be harmful. According to Nation health executive (NHE, 2006), by increasing an ageing population and prevalence of chronic disease a challenge for the management and integration of health care is growing. The need for new care models and new technologies for long term illness is more visible and clinical partnerships and networks supports the care strategies within home Environment. Therefore emerging telecare and telehealth have the potential to enable long term medical care in peoples own homes. Many studies indicate that telecare and telehealth technology has a positive effect on the clinical outcomes, user independencies, reduction in emergency visits and lower admission to hospital. However there is a lack of evidence to execute that these two technologies are cost effective-whilst there is a belief about assistive technologies exists that they should help to reduce costs in long terms and supports for faced problems. 1.3- Research The main focus of this research is to comparing telecare and telehealth and their consequences in medical business. The aim of this paper is to find out the popularity of these two technologies between elderly and finding their good and bad consequences on people, society and business. According to ( Sixsmith ,2000) Many people in the field trial reported enhanced feelings of safety and security, which could help to stimulate independence and help them to remain living in their own homes The monitoring system increased the care choices available to elderly people and supported and enhanced the cares role Technical perspective of telehealth and telecare concerns the use and development of ICT based systems. The marketplace of these technologies continues to see rapid developments. Therefore telecare and telehealth can make a real difference to the lives of elderly and disabled people. In this research the author is going to define telehealth and telecare separately and talking about the advantages and disadvantages of each of these two technologies as well as cost analysis of them due to the several studies over the years executes that these two systems achieved a considerable cost saving. Furthermore telecare and telehealth satisfaction is going to evaluate. 1.4- Research Aim and objectives The major significance of this study is to probe deeply in to the comments and analysis of several authors conducting their research in the subject of telecare and telehealth, to identify evidence of advantage or flaws and weaknesses that may or may not exist in the present exploitation of the services and related devices technology as well as evaluating the comments of elderly about telecare and telehealth, and finally evaluating the telecare and telehealth satisfaction between elderly. Therefore, the major objectives of these investigations are: * To provide necessary response to questions arising from the comparisons between telecare and telehealth. * To evaluate the popularity of telecare and telehealth between elderly and possible flow that may or may not exist in the present use of telecare and telehealth * To criticize and analyze the results. * To make some recommendation for future development of telecare and telehealth REVIEW OF LITERATURE Telecare and Telehealth ; as a part of the collection smart home play a major role in the comfort and quality of life of all people. This role is even more important when these technologies and services are contributed to a special group called elderly. (BBC news, 2008) produces program about chronic disease patients and elderly to use telehealth and telecare products at home and monitor their health by mobile phones. As declared in (BBC , 2008) Patients with high blood pressure and chronic lung disease will be initially recruited to test new technology that allows them to measure their blood pressure,and oxygen levels at homeThe readings will be sent via mobile phone into a central computer and collated into an online health record that can be accessed by both the patient and their GP. As BBC announced ; it is expected that project of telehealth and telecare to be expanded between 1500 patients by 2012. However the question is that how well do elderly people know these products? 2.2 -What is meant by Telehealth? As American (telecare, 2009) argues Telehealth is a revolutionary medical tool that affordably expands and improves health care services for patients regardless of age, race, gender or economic status Generally Elderly patients living in remote areas and individuals suffering from a chronic disease are best suited for telehealth services In another word telehealth plays an integral role in the management of long-term conditions. As healthcare professionals begin their health services from pilot to mainstream provision your telehealth partner must help you step by step to go through the transition. These services are usually provided when a Tunstall telehealth projects is started. Tunstall is a founder member of the continua health Alliance. Their policy of ongoing development means that products specification and appearance could change without prior notice. In general, telehealth is general term that includes many various activities. Many of components of telehealth integrated have been presented in the Telehealth Pyramid (figure 2.1). Figure 2.2.1 The Telehealth pyramid, ( Elford , 2004) Although all parts of the pyramid should be coordinated to gain the best result, each section could exist independently. On the basis of past successful telehealth experience, the components of telehealth should be placed in one physical center. In Figure 2.2.1 which has illustrated Telehealth levels in Health care system of USA, various parts of the pyramid will be delineated from the bottom to top. The size of each section could hardly present the number of people involved. The base section is 1-800 health call center. This center is active day and night for 24 hours, 7 days a week. The staff working in this section includes: health professionals, for most parts nurses. When clients call in , the staff would respond major health questions, assist patients with minor health problems and if needed guide the patient to the proper healthcare resource. The next layer (Medical Data and Telemetry call center). Has been set up similar to 1-800 call center, however in spite of receiving telephone calls, would also receive telemetry and medical information such as: blood pressure, EKG, Blood sugar and other types of blood chemistry, weight and pulmonary function test. This information could be sent on a daily basis or upon urgent request. The next section, Internet Health Information and Education provides health information websites for healthcare professional and patients. The patients website includes information on different topics, response to common health questions to choice of e-mailing a health professional on a special health problem, chatting with groups for the patients with special conditions. The health professional website has more complete information for various health conditions and provides access to the health education endeavors. The Tele-education layer is using all the telecommunication technologies and information to provide health education for both patient and health professionals. Some of the website functions of the former level could be used in this section. According to (Elford ,2004) The next layer includes Teleconsultation, Telenursing and Telehome care. Teleconsultation is defined as the provision of any medical services occurring between physician and patient such as: Telepsychiatry, Teledermotology, and Tele ENT All activities mentioned involve a health professional providing a health service a patient. Finally the last layer of pyramid (administrative center, research unit and training center) includes a number of key components that are crucial for the proper operation and long term maintenance of the telehealth. This center would manage and coordinate the following endeavors: a research unit will help in the design implementation and evaluation of telehealth project s and could also be involve d in technical test projects or evaluation. At last, a curriculum in Telehealth and a place for hands on training could be providing for the students. ( Elford ,2004) believes that Professionals (physicians, nurses, technicians) can also take non-credit courses could also take non-credit courses for education or training. Some organizations such as (Department of National Defense) contracting the training center, could provide health training to their personnel. Whilst the telehealth pyramid of NHS (national health center) , which belongs to the UK , shows using telehealth at three levels. Looking through the pyramid from bottom to top will show that 70 -80 % of the population are supported self-care which is possible by web based- tools, and self monitoring. At the second level which is high risk disease, some home monitoring is possible but the availability of doctors and nurses are necessary at this case. And finally at the third level of the NHS telehealth pyramid , because of the highly complex case management , home monitoring of patient, using assistive technology and computerized decision support system can be using all together. Figure 2.2.2 , NHS Pyramid , (Procter , Azarmina , 2007) Telehealth can connect people with one another and by various health organizations as follow: * Wireless mobile devices According to (Hinz ,2010), wireless mobile devices in this study will only be utilized in the context of healthcare. these devices include: consumer mobile phones, medical devices that work in the next generation of consumer mobile phone, and medical devices operates within a home premise and can transmit information through land-line , mobile phone or internet. * Basic mobile phones According to Hinz ,(2010) over the last ten years, the most accepted technology in day to day communication is the mobile phone. Even the most outdated mobile phone can make and receive both calls and text-messages .text messages and specially 3G mobile internets is a suitable media for the health system when we try to connect to patients. Also the appointment reminder alert is a very valuable tool. * Remote care clinical devices (Remote medical care, 2010) argues that In relation to vital signs, medical devices are different in size and complexity and the interaction with ill people. Many of these medical devices have software that could operate as a PC and mobile phone. High performance semiconductor chips which are highly integrated will expand personal medical devices. Whether these devices are a blood glucose meter, digital blood pressure meter, blood gas meter, digital plus/heart rate monitor or a digital thermometer are five system level blocks that are common for each device: * Power battery management * Data processing and control * Amplification and A/D conversation of the sensor input * Some type of Display * The sensor element(s) itself These devices are controlled by a handle, which are activated by battery power and using different biosensors and take measurements. The real performance topology of these blocks is quite different with the sensing, processing and information display demands of the type of meter and the chronic condition it measures. 2.2.1 -Telehealth satisfaction As (Ellis,2009) argued patient satisfaction influences on patients values and expectations from telehealth services therefore by measuring telehealth satisfaction more information and more positive and negative affect will be gained. On the other hand according (Ellis, 2009) the researches on patients satisfaction about quality of interactions and telehealth services are pretty low therefore there is more requires going in depth of this topic. According to the (Clinical evaluation, 2008) which evaluated the telehealth satisfaction from different aspects, most of the users of telehealth were between the ages of 65 to 80. The Pie chart in appendix 2 shows the age dividing in detail. The overall satisfaction level with Telehealth experience shows that 85 % of the users are very satisfied from this technology where only 15 % were satisfied and no one were not satisfied of it. The details of users satisfaction is shown in the pie chart in appendix 3. On the other hand the evaluation shows only 5% of people were disagree about the cost saving of Telehealth whilst 95% were agree about the cost saving. Appendix 4 shows the pie chart of the agreement and disagreement. 2.2.2 Consequences of Telehealth for the patients * Immediate utilization of care specifically for the patient who live in rural environments. * Patients receive care and health from a distance and do not have to go to doctors office to receive attention from their health provider. * Early detection to reduce emergency room visits and hospitalizations * To discharge early from hospital * Patient and family can have access to care from the comfort of their home. * Patients anxiety is reduced. * Increased conformity and ownership to their individual health care plan * Old patients can stay independent rather than going in to assisted living situation * Patients feel thesaurus to take part in their care program. * Increased patients satisfaction in received care In general Telehealth is a very effective tool to handle patients that need the most care and attract the most cost, especially patients with chronic and terminal conditions. The following patient conditions were successful with Telehealth program: 1- Chronic disease which includes: * HIV Aids * Cancer * Asthma * Diabetes * Congestive heart failure 2- Elderly patient cares which includes: * Post stroke * Therapies * Post operative states * Medical compliance 3- General care which includes * High risk pregnancy * Wound care The Telehealth advantage for healthcare providers, administrators and institutions are: * It can improve quality of care and clinical outcome * It can increase productivity for healthcare provider * It is a cost saving method that can advance profitability and business growth There are also some other advantages for doctors and nurses can schedule for patient visits without leaving the office. In this way productivity of the number of patients that can be visited per day could increase. Clinicians can expand their office geographically. Patients can be visited regularly. Healthcare will be able to spend more time with patients and can monitor and regulate their patients care better. Healthcare providers have the advantage of attracting managed care contracts and also will be able to manage cost effective service. (Darkins and Cary, 2000) believe that since healthcare expenses are rising, providers while maintaining good quality care and patients satisfaction .lower their costs. The related technologies help providers to produce their own effective healthcare by maximizing their human and capital resource. 2.3 -What is meant by Telecare? Telecare is to monitor a patients real-time emergencies and his life style changes from a distance in order to manage the risks associated with independent living. Telecare is needed since: As (Camarinha-Matos, Afsarmanesh, 2004) argue It is a highly flexible tool which can be employed by the needs of new users. This technology can be utilized in learning disabilities, physical disabilities and mental health. Telecare can contribute to independent living and quality of life for people and their family significantly. (Tunstall , 2007) believes that The major activity of Telecare services is to manage Telecare assets more effective to guarantee that service remain more productive. According to (Tunestall ,2007) Telecare overlay has been developed to allow the effective implementation of radio Telecare sensors into supported housing communities It enables the monitoring of wandering and bed occupancy as well as environmental issues such as smoke, flood and gas within a sheltered setting (Tunstall, 2007) also argues that the telecare overlay system includes a telecare manager unit and a radio receiver, this equipment is added to the existing communicable vision system and enables staff using a variety of sensors receive alarm calls. These receivers are located around scheme. When a receiver receives the radio signals of a sensor, it will be forwarded to the communicational vision system and then raises the alarm call on the handset carried by onsite staff. Therefore, the onsite staff will be able to talk to the resident. The system can alternately sound on alarm at the responding center. According to James Buckley, the chief executive officer of Telecare times in (Tunstall , 2007) , Telecare will make the cares able to go back to their work, will promote these services to more number of audience, and support people who have learning disabilities. In another word Telecare describes any services that bring health and social care directly to a user, generally in their homes, supported by information and communication technology. It covers social alarms, lifestyle monitoring and Telehealth (remote monitoring of UTIA signs) for diagnosis, assessment and prevention. Telecare covers a wide range of equipment (detectors, monitors alarms, pendants and etc) and also services for monitoring call centers and response. ( Camarinha-Matos , Afsarmanesh ,2004) believes that In the UK Telecare alarms acts as a mediator through call center, however in the US you are able to purchase devices that connects directly to emergency response services. The sample lists of Telecare devices are include: * Safety confirmation phones * Movement /non-movement sensors * Fire/smoke alarms * Food / water alarms * Window/door sensor * Bed/ chair occupancy sensor * Falls sensor * Wrist worn wellbeing monitors * Automatic lighting sensor * Carbon monoxide sensor * Temperature range sensor * Medication reminder sensor 1- Devices for predicting problem: This prediction depends on software that receives signals from sensor and analyses the frequency and severity of monitored event such as minor falls. 2- Devices that reduce the chance if problems occurring: For example a bad sensor can prevent falls by turning a light on when a person gets out of bed. This helps because does not need to move around and search for the light switch in the dark room. if the person does not return to bed it can raise an alarm. If the helps received quickly, problems do not rise. 3- Devices that mitigate harm These devices send an alert signal to a call center, therefore, a help can arrive quickly before harm is done .an extreme temperature device is activated when the temperature rises quickly or reaches a low point . 4- Personal safety confirmation: (Camarinha-Matos , Afsarmanesh ,2004) argues that The owner of this phone based device pushes a bottom on an agreed time everyday to inform the call center that they are well and alive. This considered as an alternative for independent people who are not interested in wearing a pendant alarm button or those who may fall and become unconscious and cannot pull an alert themselves. 2.3.1- Telecare satisfaction There were two types of telecare units that were developed. One of them is based on pc setup and video conferencing and another one off- the- shelf video conferencing units. According to (Guillen et al , 2002) there is high satisfaction for the patients who used telecare devices also the medical staff were satisfied due to the improvement in quality of health services. The result of their research shows that medical staffs believe that telecare system is a trustworthy system for patients and there is low risk for patients while using telecare system. However there are more researches needs to be done in this area because of the short duration of previous experiments. 2.3.2-Consequences of Telecare * It can help to maintain independence for people * Safety and confidence could be increased * It could support careers along with traditional healthcare support and housing initiatives. * It could ease the transfer from traditional models of residential care to supporting people at home. The pressure on the NHS can be reduced the environmental risks such as fire, flooding, carbon monoxide , natural gas , high and low temperatures and personal risks such as wandering , falling , inactivity , burglary , bogus callers and many more could protect users. (Camarinha-Matos , Afsarmanesh ,2004) * According to the (department of health ,2010) Telecare could prevent 160.000 people from entering residential care per year, indicating potential cost saving of 20 Billion pound . 2.4 -Comparison of Telecare and Telehealth A high increment in the cost of care or nursing homes is the main reason of inventing new methods of supporting people in their homes. Since according to (Doughty et al ,2007,p.6) the dependency ratio which is defined as( number of working people to those who are retired) is about to fall from 4:1 to 2.1:1 in the next 40 years, so the demands for the care services will increase and services that are based on technologies can replace. (According to Doughty et al ,2007, p.7) The term telecare was selected to cover all electronic technologies of a preventive or supportive nature because it had the necessary buzz and because it implied a modular approach and a need for a developing telecommunications infrastructure As (Doughty et al, 2007, p.7) argued Although the fundamental purpose of the technology is to avoid unscheduled care incidents and, in particular, the management of long-term conditions, it can support Independence because it is capable of overcoming the need for people to move prematurely into a nursing home environment Such technology would appear to be a medical application of telecare, which would be consistent with the new definition of telecare described above However, remote and regular (but not continuous) vital signs monitoring may be fundamentally different to existing UK telecare systems because the purpose is to collect data rather than offer an automated alarm Whilst in the USA, the remote vital signs monitoring system are known as telehealth. The term of telehealth in the Europe has been the Umbrella term which is used for grate range of technologies which includes telemedicine as well. The telehealth and telecare umbrella model will show the alternatives for adoption or rejection. As the figure 2.4.1 shows there are three components of telehealth exist which shows a growing range of assistive technologies. Also there are some disabled facilities has covered .covering number of comparatively expensive fixed assistive technologies like level access showers can be known as effective versions. However consequent removal while the service user moves on is more difficult with the result that the venture is left in the property. This means that following architects to follow the lifetime homes and using free access for the standards is necessary. Telehealth somehow has higher weight than telecare because health is necessary for everyone but maybe not everyone need care. Figure 2.4.1 Telehealth Umbrella model (Doughty et al ,2007, p.9) As figure 2.4.2 shows telecare is term which is used for all defensive technologies which are using electronics, telecommunication and information system. Thats why they can cover some applications such as alarms through monitoring the vital signs either in the home or on the move thus when a term such as Telehealth covers all forms of information and medical monitoring then the advanced form which is telecare could be expanded from environmental to medical areas. In another word According to (Doughty et al ,2007,p.8) the use of community / social alarm system to support independent living as a form of telecare was both a consequence of change in community care but also it produced a valuable service that did not have doctors and nurses as the gatekeeper Figure 2.4.2 umbrella model of telecare (Doughty et al ,2007,p.9) 2.5 -Impact of telecare and telehealth on cost saving There are lots of comparative studies in telehealth and telecare which demonstrate the economic benefits of these technologies. These studies show that improved access to suitable healthcare services, increased patients satisfaction and cost savings. Many of pre- reviewed researches consistent in finding that telehealth and telecare saves the patients, providers and payers money in compare of traditional healthcare system. According to (Jennett et al, 2003), Cost saving of telehealth services can be done by reduction in use of hospitals, nursing home services and transport costs. In other word reduction in transporting patients to emergency departments and therefore to physician offices will cause a reduction in cost of emergency department visits. 4.5- SWOT Analysis Since in primary data , the author couldnt noticed the presented data completely relevant to the research questions and couldnt answer all the objectives of the research therefore she decided to do the SWOT analysis .SWOT Analysis is a kind of evaluation by defining the Strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the defined subject. 4.5.1- Telehealth SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis of telehealth is focusing on what the strength of the telehealth are, what can be known as the weaknesses, what opportunities telehealth has and finally what are the threats o

Plato: Patriot Or Dissident :: essays research papers

Plato, the Greek philosopher is considered to be one of the greatest thinkers in history and is called by one scholar â€Å"the fountainhead through which all western thought flows.† In his book The Republic he outlines what the perfect city-state would look like and how it would operate. Along his path of reason he makes no attempt to hide his disdain for other political systems. That includes democracy, a system he does not seem to agree with. In fact, from what I read, Plato obviously disagrees with democracy and its principals. Plato ranks democracy fourth out of what he considers to be the five major constitutions. Just barely ahead of tyranny! He even ranks it behind oligarchy; a constitution that he himself states in 552a of The Republic is the first kind of city to admit the greatest of all evils! Why does he believe this? Are all the freedom loving Americans with red, white, and blue bumper stickers on their gas guzzling cars wrong? If so, what are they missing? To understand Plato’s claim that democracy is nothing but a stopgap on the way to tyranny one must first understand Plato’s viewpoint. Plato is credited with developing a school of thought called Platonic Idealism. Platonic Idealism is based upon the assumption that the essence of the qualities you predicate to things is eternal. Examples of that are ideas such as justice, piety or equality. While we may not be able to readily define them we all know what they are and can identify them when seen. Plato contends that only through philosophy can we express those essences in language. Plato translates his assumption to mean there is something inside each and every person that is the same, it comes inborn, and contains those eternal principals. That inborn intellectual part of every person is what Plato calls the soul. Souls are like those ideas or essences they are eternal. However, if everybody has this greatest truth that is called a soul inside them, why do people do stupid selfish things or even make mistakes at all? Plato’s explanation is that the material part of us, the body stops the intellectual part from exercising the knowledge it has. The analogy that Plato uses is that of a clouded eye. It goes that the soul is like an eye that can see those eternal ideas and truths but the body and its desires cloud the view.

Inventory period and operating cycle Essay

Age of inventory will show the number of days that inventory of COSCO is being held before they are sold. Increasing or decreasing the same must be a guided by the objective of maintaining a good working capital condition. COSCO Wholesale has inventory period of 27 days. Before recommendation could be made whether its inventory period should be increased, said inventory period must be compared with the payment terms with suppliers. If the company’s payment terms (Bernstein, 1993) to supplier is 30 days them the age of inventory of 27 days is a good sign that the company is making sale of inventory efficiently, which means that it can sell faster than the next time the company orders and pays for these goods. For COSCO to maintain its 27 days inventory period, it must also tie this up with collection period since higher sales volume is normally associated with longer collection period. Increasing sales on credit with longer collection will decrease inventory period and the two will sum up to operating cycle (Meigs and Meigs, 1995). If the resulting operating cycle still allows a good and manageable working capital situation, then increasing sales on credit must be done up to such point, otherwise mismanaged working could turn the company unable to meet currently maturing obligations. Operating Cycle COSCO’S operating cycle is 30 says which consists of 27 days inventory period and 3 days collection period. To determine whether recommendations should be made whether the cycle could be increased or decreased should be tied up on it working capital situation. If its present working capital situation allows the company to meet it currently maturing obligations then its operating cycle is just right. As discussed earlier, the strategy on operating cycle is affected by decisions made on age of inventory and policy on making sales on credit. One could not just decrease operating cycle without basis like by decreasing age of inventory by underinvestment as this could mean not satisfying the demand for company’s products for the sake of shorter age of inventory and consequently shorter operating cycle. The company’s policy on sales on credit must be sufficient enough to meet realistic targets in terms of sales revenues and working capital requirements (Brigham and Houston, 2002).

Sangeet

Ganga action plan was, launched by Shri Rajeev Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India on 14 Jan. 1986 with the main objective of pollution abatement, to improve the water quality by Interception, Diversion and treatment of domestic sewage and present toxic and industrial chemical wastes from identified grossly polluting units entering in to the river. The other objectives of the Ganga Action Plan are as under. Control of non-point pollution from agricultural run off, human defecation, cattle wallowing and throwing of unburnt and half burnt bodies into the river . Research and Development to conserve the biotic, diversity of the river to augment its productivity. The ultimate objective of the GAP is to have an approach of integrated river basin management considering the various dynamic inter-actions between abiotic and biotic eco-system. First phase of GAP it has generated considerable interest and set the scene for evolving a national approach towards replicating this program for the other polluted rivers of the country. New technology of sewage treatment like Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and sewage treatment through afforestation has been successfully developed. * Rehabilitation of soft-shelled turtles for pollution abatement of river have been demonstrated and found useful. * Resource recovery options like production of methane for energy generation and use of aquaculture for revenue generation have been demonstrated. * To act as trend setter for taking up similar action plans in other grossly polluted stretches in other rivers. Notwithstanding some delay in the completion of the The Government of India proposed to extend this model with suitable modifications to the national level through a National River Action Plan (NRAP). The NRAP mainly draws upon the lessons learnt and the experience gained from the GAP besides seeking the views of the State Governments and the other concerned Departments/Agencies. Under NRCP scheme the CPCB had conducted river basin studies and had identified 19 gross polluted stretches and 14 less polluted stretches along 19 rivers, which include 11 stretches situated along 7 rivers of M. P.

karen 2 Essays (1077 words) - Prevention, Government, Free Essays

karen 2 Essays (1077 words) - Prevention, Government, Free Essays ABSTRACT "This bill makes clear that the federal government has the authority to clear waterways, identify cleanup equipment, and reestablish the flow of commerce following a terrorist attack. We'll do everything we can to prevent an attack, but if the terrorists succeed in launching an attack, we'll be ready to respond." George W. Bush Globalization have changed the way business is done, whether it be locally, within ones country or whether it be internationally, between countries. With the events of September 11 2001, the United States of America was forced to relook its security measures in order to urgently try to prevent any future terrorist attacks. In 2006, The SAFE Port ACT, "Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006" (the SAFE Port Act, P.L. 109-347, 120 Stat. 1884, October 13, 2006) required consultation between the Secretary of Homeland Security, international communities, federal, state, tribal and local governmental agencies to develop a plan to better secure the international supply chain. STRATEGIC PLAN SCOPE The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is the lead agent, however they have to work with key agencies for the formulation of the plan. Inorder for the plan to be successful the DHS has to communicate with agencies outside of the United States because a large portion of cargoes are shipped from other countries. DHS also have to work with non governmental agencies within the United States because most of the shipping organizations are owned and operated by private sectors. The implementation of the plan is intended to follow a supply chain item throughout its process, from the time it leaves the supplier to the time it reaches its final destination. The understanding is that in order to effectively secure a piece of cargo, security measures must be taken from the time the cargo leaves the supplier to the time it gets to its final destination. The plan includes the implementation of protocol for the prioritization of cargoes within the supply chain. It also provide guidance on handling an incident and trade resumption. The plan also provide guidance for the redeployment of personnel and resources. This plan is a national strategy that compliments other national strategies, such as the Transportation Sector Specific Plan, and the National Maritime Transportation Security Plan, which represents different segment of the supply chain. STRATEGIC PLAN PURPOSE The purpose of the plan is to establish an effective framework and to build on current national security measures for the safe passage of cargo through the entire supply chain process. The plan was not implemented to replace any strategy already in place, but rather to compliment, outline the association of different current initiatives. For example, the National Response Plan (NRP) outlines how the United States respond to incidents, while being supported by this plan that focuses on the supply chain security and trade recovery specifically. Because foreign partners have their own rules and regulations that are most likely different from that of the United States, this plan implements strategies for cargo shipment from the time the cargo is package by the foreign supplier, delivered the the foreign port, shipped to the port in the United States and then delivered to its final destination. The plan articulate the security plan of the supply chain and that of trade recovery. STRATEGIC PLAN CONSIDERATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS Some of the assumptions considered during the formulation of the plan are: With globalisation, trade, especially international trade, will continue to expand over the coming years. That established, with the expansion of trade, comes with the requirement to expand the supply chain infrastructure and security measures. It is also the assumption that current agencies that are in place have adequate resource to manage the current strategies and have an effective plan to rotate their personnel as the need and location arise. The increase security on containers will immediately impact the security of cargos, however that security must also include the data associated with the cargo and the infrastructure that supports the movement of that container. The implementation of this strategy would not only secure the movement of the container from origin to destination, it will also include the facilitation of trade improvement. The intent is to have crime prevention measure in place in all levels, national, regional

The big idea...read the requirement i send you carefully Essay

The big idea...read the requirement i send you carefully - Essay Example Housing in city is an important issue that affects millions of people in the modern times. The rentals are skyrocketing mainly due to imbalances in demand and supply for housing. Ideas relating to the best utilization of resources and efficiency in human resources management for improved organizational performance call for innovative mindset in organizing, controlling and directing the workforce. Aghazadeh, S. (2003, p. 201) stated â€Å"Human resource management must change as the business environment in which it operates changes.†Ã‚  Competitive edge in business operations leads to sustainable growth and development. A strategy that takes care of transportation and housing problems of the employees can be considered as the best idea from the view point of corporate social responsibility also. This paper seeks to highlight the benefits that could be attributed to this idea from the perspective of human resources management, profitability and sustainability of the organization and corporate social responsibility. ... Technological developments in the field of information and communication technology could be properly leveraged in this idea to mitigate the hardships arising out of transportation and housing in cities to the people as well as society at large due to pollution. Digital convergence of technologies created synergy in business operations resulting in an array of opportunities. Even Alvin Toffler in his ‘Future Shock’ could neither predict the use of mobile phones by a common man nor its impact on the business and society. Digital convergence has provided an excellent platform for the big idea in relation to human resources management in business organizations. According to the Society for Human Resources Management (2008, p. 17) â€Å"Organizations that formally offer telecommuting from a satellite location or telecommuting from other locations deem this flexible work arrangement to be very successful.† Human resources management Matiza, L. (2013, P.2) stated  "Human Resources Management is basically a way of managing humans at their workplace in search of performance and rating it well in order to also remunerate them well.† Managing humans at their workplace signifies that the people work for the company assembles in a firm’s place of work at a particular time for performance of their duties. Human Resources Management involves rating of their performance as well. The firm should remunerate the employees based on their performance. Kayode, O. (2012, p. 1) stated â€Å"Now, more than ever, organizations need to place greater emphasis on attracting human capital rather than financial capital... effective human resource management is the best

Understanding Middle Eastern Politics and Global Hegemony Essay

Understanding Middle Eastern Politics and Global Hegemony - Essay Example This perspective, according to Verbeek (2003), is strengthened by a traditional realist framework which integrates the positivist handbook reflection of international law and hence believes that international law is either at best simply a rationale for decision made based on interests in power politics or immaterial to concerns for national interest. Existing literature reviews show evidently the meagerness of scholarly attempts to explain the Suez crisis within the context of realist theory. The realist argument that law was quite irrelevant to either American or British foreign policy, outside its ability to give explanation for foreign policy, seems to neglect the historical proof that suggests international law had a greater significant effect on British and American foreign policy conduct (Fawcett, 2009). The realist argument that international law was either an easy alibi for policy motives or lacking relevance, as regards to British policy, seems to be flawed. Historical docu ments indicate that legal concerns were a major component considered by both American and British legislators in the development and execution of foreign policy throughout the Suez crisis (Fawcett, 2009). Realist theory, according to Hansen (2011), with its focus on actual exercises and demonstrations of power, would expect that if ever international law could consider the conduct of the State it would be to defend course of action where law reinforced the favored policy. If the State is somewhat less dominant or influential and in a ‘lower’ legal status, in the sense that its favored course of action would more simply be judged ‘unlawful’, realism would expect that law would become irrelevant to the policymaking process (Mattern, 2005). Realism would expect that... The researcher states argument that law was quite irrelevant to either American or British foreign policy, outside its ability to give explanation for foreign policy, seems to neglect the historical proof that suggests international law had a greater significant effect on British and American foreign policy conduct. The realist argument that international law was either an easy alibi for policy motives or lacking relevance, as regards to British policy, seems to be flawed. Historical documents indicate that legal concerns were a major component considered by both American and British legislators in the development and execution of foreign policy throughout the Suez crisis. Realist theory, according to Hansen, with its focus on actual exercises and demonstrations of power, would expect that if ever international law could consider the conduct of the State it would be to defend course of action where law reinforced the favored policy. If the State is somewhat less dominant or influenti al and in a ‘lower’ legal status, in the sense that its favored course of action would more simply be judged ‘unlawful’, realism would expect that law would become irrelevant to the policymaking process. Realism would expect that international law would become immaterial to a State where law and policy objectives conflict, and particularly in cases where the State is rivaling a quite stronger State and law is not an expression of ‘actual power’ as defined by realism.

Merged School of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Merged School of Business - Essay Example They are globalization, technology and sustainability (Schuler & MacMillan, 2006). It is worthy of mentioning that the expression ‘human resource management’ has been used in the context of practicing organizations as well as academicians since last ten to fifteen years. Formerly, the concept was referred as personnel administration. Human resource management takes into consideration all the activities that are undertaken by the enterprises for the purpose of utilizing the resources of the organisation effectively in order to attain individual, organisational as well as group goals (Franklyn, n.d.). A well-crafted merger as well as acquisition strategy can assist an organisation to attain competitive advantage and therefore help in the creation of the shareholders value (London Business School, 2011). The case study is related to the problems faced by All Star University which is the product of a government-sponsored amalgamation between two universities as well as their school/departments. One of them is 115 years old Sandstone University and the other one is 20 years old Redbrick Institute of Technology. The main objective of the essay is to identify the key stakeholders involved in the case study and to discuss their major interests. It will also try to examine the HR challenges as well as problems involved in this merger and therefore will present solutions and recommendations in order to overcome the challenges. Stakeholders can be identified as the persons who get influenced by the strategic plan. Stakeholders may be either group of people, institutions, and organisations or may as well be individuals. The term ‘stakeholder’ may as well be identified as actors or as interest groups. It can be mentioned that the acknowledgement of the stakeholders is an iterative procedure. It is significant to mention that the stakeholders may be at any position in the society. They may be at international level to national, regional, household o r intra-household level. It may comprise all those who affect or may get affected because of the policies, actions or decision in any particular method (International Centre For Development Oriented Research In Agriculture, n.d.). It is often noted that universities are termed as typical organisation which are made up of the stakeholders. The overall management as well as development of the university is completely dependent by its close association with the stakeholders. Conventionally, universities were simply taken as institutions comprising of teachers providing lessons or conducting researches, students of all the levels, various other employees who were held accountable for the business work as well as academic work, the course systems and other related resources and management procedures. However, such opinions generally ignore other development resources as well as social capital. The major stakeholders in any university can be teachers, parents, commercial circle, students, public as well as private sectors of the economy, mass media, professional associations as well as the society (Yi & Rui, n.d.). In the context of this case study, there are many parties who are actively involved. Sandstone University is one of the stakeholders which are in operation since 115 years. The other significant stakeholder is Redbrick Institute of Technology which is into existence

Quality Indicators for Safe Medication Preparation and Administration Essay Example for Free

Quality Indicators for Safe Medication Preparation and Administration Essay Being passionate about caring and helping others has influenced and inspired me to enter the medical field and has then encouraged me to become a registered nurse in the Philippines. I have worked in a public hospital located in Manila which caters health care services for people presenting infectious and tropical diseases. One day, I had an admission who was diagnosed with an Acute Gastroenteritis secondary to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The doctor ordered a new antibiotic that should be given intravenously. When the antibiotic was already at hand, I administered the medication with the 100ml solution of normal saline to the patient. Afterward, because of a lot of toxicity in the area caused by a large number of patients, I forgot to reassess the patient whom I gave the antibiotic initially. I was surprised when I got back, the patient was already experiencing an allergic reaction to the antibiotic that the skin was flushed and generalized rashes were observed. I referred the patient immediately to the resident on duty and anti-histamine medications were given right away. Because of the incident happened, I felt overwhelmed with fear due to the possible consequences I had in my mind that the patient might suffer. I had been administering antibiotics many times in the past, but this situation made me feel guilty and uneasy. I even questioned myself if I am really that competent enough to do medical interventions to the patients. A nurse’s role is to render a high quality of care at all times. The reactions of the antibiotic would have been prevented if the proper assessment has been executed. Being knowledgeable in interventions especially medication administration is essential in my role, that I felt I didn’t accomplish fully. I documented all that happened to the patient and I made an internal incident report so that the other team members would be well-informed about the situation and also proper endorsements were done. Further errors and complications will be prevented through active management and effective reporting system would ensure patient’s safety. Administration of medicines to individuals who are ill is part of nurse’s responsibility to deliver holistic and optimal care (Veitch Christie 2007). In the Philippines, nurses are required to practice methodical approach that follows local polices. In regards to my own experience, nurses practice 10 rights of medication administration that are intended to protect patients from any misconduct in promoting health. Some of the key things I have learned include developing my time management, multi-tasking, and organizational habits. One of the ways I would change what I did then would be to assess before and after administering certain medication to the patient especially if it’s an initial dose. I am now more cautious and responsible for my actions when delivering holistic care. Although I should’ve reassessed the patient, the experience I have gained from this has made me more mindful of patient’s rights that safeguard patient’s well-being. In the future, I think I would try to deal with this by improving the level of my competence and not neglect the aspects of nursing as a caring profession. I will continue to provide genuine care to the patients through further developing my skills in performing the 10 rights of medication administration. I intend to become more careful and as well as confident when protecting the health of my patients from possible risks of any treatment and health practices. As a registered nurse, I aim to advance my knowledge and skills that will befit the needs of the clients. Therefore, even if this experience for me was a challenge, I took it as an advantage to help me understand the importance of values in nursing and will guide me in tackling different instances and situations in the future.

Event Organisation Description

Event Organisation Description 1. DEFINITION OF EVENT. a) Experts definition of event. To better understanding the definition of events I would like to mention at the beginning that various terms is used to explain its meaning.   To find the answer for this question I will quote Getz who said that A special event is a unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs. Getz (1997; p.4), Another event specialists state that an event can be defined as anything which happens; any incidence or occurrence especially a memorable one; contingency or possibility of occurrence; and item in a programme and organised activity at particular venue for sales promotion and fundraising. (Bowdin2011,p.17) b) My own definition of event. In my opinion an event is a special occasion such as football match, festival or concert which has happen in a special place, on specific time and required a lot of different kind of things to be organised before it may take a place. The event doesnt occur very often so its the reason why it is so special and many people is looking forward to be a part of something unique in some way. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THREE EVENTS FROM DIFFERENT SECTORS. T IN THE PARK FESTIVAL The biggest music festival in Scotland, held at a disused airport in Balado.T in the Park is an event that every year attracts over 80,000 music fans from around the world. During the 3 days of the festival there are over 180 artists performing on eleven stages. In the past, there appeared stars such as Red Hot Chili Peppers, The Who, Green Day, The Killers, Foo Fighters, REM, Oasis and Radiohead. First edition took place in 1994 in Strathclyde Country Park. Its name comes from the main sponsor Tennents brewery. Baldo park is an excellent location for the event as most Scottish who want to take part in the festival can get there easily which makes it an ideal place to host this type of event. The festival includes of three days of fun, music and dance. The festival takes place every second weekend of July. People attending for the event are mostly young people interested in pop, rock and electronic music. Through the years the festival has be become increasingly popular and now it is the biggest music festival in UK. OCTOBER FEST- Its the largest beer and folk festival held in Munich in Bavaria (Germany). Oktoberfest takes place from 1810 years. Until 1871, it took place in October, and since 1872 the beginning of the event has been postponed for September. In recent years the average number of visitors was six million people. During the festival is being consumed about five million liters of beer, traditionally sold in one-liter mugs. Fairs called Oktoberfest in Bavaria were not uncommon. Their goal was to use beer from the passing season, before the start of the new brew. The Munich Oktoberfest enjoys more than 200-year tradition. On the occasion of the wedding of Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, the future King of Bavaria and his bride, Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, which took place on October 12, 1810, they were held on the meadows in front of the city walls (today Theresienwiese ) horse racing. Since Prince Ludwig passion for antiquity competitions were held in the style of the ancient Olympic Games. In the early years of the Munich Oktoberfest was primarily sporty character. Since the event enjoyed great popularity among the inhabitants of the city, the royal court decided to repeat the race a year later at the same time, and so was born the tradition of the Munich Oktoberfest. Due to the involvement of Bavaria in the Napoleonic Wars in 1813 for the first time the festival was abandoned. A break in the tradition also occurred in 1854 and 1873 due to the cholera epidemic in 1866 because of the war and a seven-week 1870 Franco-Prussian war. OLIMPIC GAMES- Are the biggest and most recognised sporting events taking place in summer time (athletics sports) as well as in winter (skiing), which gather participant from all over the world. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games running every four years but two years apart. Ancient Olympic Games The first Olympic Games were held in Olympia in Greece and were played every four years, so in ancient Greece dates Olympics marked the four-year period between successive Olympics. The first documented Olympic Games were held in 776 BC For the duration of the Olympic Games discontinued wars. During the conflict announced peace of God and the war was stopped for two months. For five days lasted games, the rest was allocated to depart and return from the Olympics for spectators and competitors. The first stage of the ceremony, even before the Games begin, was an oath before the statue of Zeus. Raw meat cut into pieces, scattering or decomposed before the statue and each of the participants, along with his father and his brothers took the oath did not commit any fraud on the competition, which confirmed a second oath in which they said they strictly applied the exercise by previous 10 months. Officially received the prize a wreath of twigs of laurel but winner was just one and became famous and in his hometown built monuments in his honor and wrote poems. The wall of the city won the competitor done a hole through which entered the winner greeted by the locals. This meant that the city could not be afraid anymore because it has such a defender. The winner also received material rewards, but not officially given. Over time, in addition to the wreath of olive branches, they obtained money and valuables. Fame have won the whole city and not just winning. Penalties Olympic were very strict. A player who has committed fraud, was forced to put a statue of Zeus, which is inscribed with his name and vice, which he hath sinned. The most popular with fraudsters is Athenian Kalliopos who bribed his would-be opponents. The whole thing came to light. Athenian and others had put monuments for Zeus. Athenians stopped attending the Olympic Games, as the Delphic oracle said that if they start again participate. In the competition they participated wealthy people who could afford to devote the entire year to exercise, then they were only selected athletes. Occurrence naked, because the games can watch only free men. Woman caught in watching the games waiting for the death penalty. There was no team competition. The games were held in honor of the god Zeus. Olympic Games nowadays Present Olympics held since 1896 (Athens), and the winter of 1924 (Chamonix). Modern Olympic Games refer to the tradition of the ancient Greek Olympics. For most athletes the Olympics are regarded as the most important sports and the Olympic gold medal as the most valuable trophy .Exception of this rule are tennis players, cyclists and footballers, but the international federations of these sports are trying to raise the profile of Olympic 3. EMERGENCY ANG GROW OF OLYMPIC GAMES. HISTORY OF OLYMPIC GAMES The modern Olympic Games were celebrate in london, were opened by the Queen Elizabeth II inaugurated the struggles athletes jubilee XXX Summer Olympics. The competition takes place not only for the gold medal, but also for fame and money. The Olympic Games is a huge organizational undertaking and the media, which attracts the attention of millions of people around the world. The history of the Olympic Games and the international Olympic movement is as interesting as the competition athletes. The Olympic Games are derived from ancient Greece. Already in the seventh century BC athletes met once every four years to honor Zeus. Games traditionally played out in Olympia, and competition gathered crowds of locals and visitors from different parts of Hellas. The competition was fought min. in racing, wrestling and chariot races. The winners waited olive twig and a huge celebrity. During the duration of the games announced peace against any conflicts, which is discontinued fights, and even t he death penalty. Unfortunately, with the fall of Greeces Olympic forgotten, and for the next Olympic Games had to wait 1,500 years. The resurrection of the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the Olympic Games took place at the initiative of Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937). This French thinker, educator, historian and sports activist held numerous trips around the world and sought support for the restoration of referring to the tradition of ancient Greek athletes competing from around the world. CHANGES OVER THE YEARS The organization of the games differed significantly from what we currently see. To honour participation in the Olympic women they were not allowed. They had to wait until 1900 for the Olympics in Paris, where competed in golf and tennis. There also were awarded gold medals. The winner was honored a silver disc, an olive branch and a diploma. Not awarded the prize for third place (according to the tradition of awarding medals contemporary model was launched in 1904, the Olympics in St. Louis). GROWTH OF THE EVENT The Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is now represented. This growth has created numerous challenges and controversies, including boycotts, doping, bribery, and a terrorist attack in 1972. Every two years the Olympics and its media exposure provide unknown athletes with the chance to attain national and sometimes international fame. The Games also constitute an opportunity for the host city and country to showcase themselves to the world. 4. IMPACTS OF BEIJING OLIMPICS GAME IN 2008. NEGATIVE SOCIAL IMPACT Dismissive of local people- people habited the area had to be resettle to make a way for new developments like new buildings to accommodate visitors and participants as well as make possible to create the proper infrastructure as a part of preparing to the Olympic Game. This situation intensify differences between poor and rich inhabitants of the city. POSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT Job creation-preparation for the Olympic Game generated many job opportunities for the local as well as for people from other part of the country and world. Apart from increased number of vacancies related directly to the event, many people found a job in travel sector such as hotels, restaurants, tourists attractions as well as employment related to ensure security due to unusual flow of visitors. NEGATIVE POLITICAL IMPACT Insecurity-because of the volume of the event, the city might be considered as an excellent opportunity for terrorism groups to organise an assassination where many people could lost they lives .Organisations had to keep particular attention to keep all spectators and participants safe during the games and when moving around the city. According to the Chinese security ministry, protestors planned suicide bomb attacks on some Chinese cities and kidnappings in Beijing to disturb the Olympic Games. 5. IDENTIFY ONE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION RELEVANT TO ONE OF LISTED EVENTS.GIVE DETAILS OF ITS PURPOSE AND THREE BENEFITS TO ITS MEMBERS. The association relevant to T in the park event may be the Association of events Organisers. Their mission statement: AEO is the voice of the event organising community. It serves the collective needs and promotes the interests of the event organisers and the industry at large. The purpose of the AEO is the trade body representing companies which conceive, create, develop or manage trade and consumer events. It is run by its members for the benefit of its members through an elected council of representatives, specialist working groups and a fulltime secretariat. Main benefits of becoming a membership: Members of the AEO benefit from opportunities of which helps them to develop in order to overcome challenges and address issues within the industry The AEO Forums are events which give members a great opportunity for learning different principles related to the day job, delivered by experts both from within and beyond the events industry. Number of AEO Excellence Awards that reward talent such as the Outstanding Contribution to the Industry, Organiser Team of the Year and Unsung Hero awards. Events such as the CEO Summit, International Dinners and annual AEO Conference provide opportunities for senior directors to meet with like-minded individuals and hear from guest speakers on a range of hot topics, developing markets, technologies and growth strategies. If you are a new member, there is an opportunity for senior directors to be mentored by directors in member organisations you aspire to be like in some way, shape or form. The AEO Talent Working Group was set up to share best practice and find solutions to challenges surrounding talent management. This may be training and career development, recruitment concerns, improving skills and cross-functional working practices or discussing equality in the workplace. Members have found that sharing experiences has been extremely beneficial so far. 6. FOUR TRENDS WITHIN THE EVENTS INDUSTRY. Social Medias Social media has made a huge impact on the tourism /events industry. Those industries depend heavily on the use of word-of-mouth to spread opinions and recommendations, and social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. People eagerly use the social media to find out interesting events and check whats going on in the place of their interest. They also share their personal experiences of particular places they have visited. There was significant growth using TripAdvisor in last decade with 320 million reviews and more than 290 million downloads. Its available in form of website as well as an App and it is bespoke company reaching travellers around the world. (Trip Advisor) In the future with technology evolving all the time, social media will become more popular with travellers when comes to booking holidays. Social medias are applied to all of the above three events from the question 2. Growth in Mobile- It is important for tourism and event industries to be up to date with their travellers and event participants in that matters all websites related to the particular event should turn into mobile friendly and start working closer with Social Medias. Nowadays travellers using their mobiles not only to book their trips and events but also may give their recommendation and opinion of the events they took part in. Industries engaged into the new technological tools allow people for a quick access and make it easier to respond either from potential new customers or the existing ones. This trend will help in the future to target different target markets in quick and efficient way in lowest possible cost. E-meetings and digital collaboration- nowadays people have an access to a wide range of methods which allows us to fast communication. Thanks to availability of technologicalplatform such asUber ,airBnB ,TaskTabbit and HotelWall   companies have possibility to conduct a meeting and discussed the most important issues of the business without spending long hours in journey .E-meetings and digital communication are the excellent way to keep our planet away of air pollution by reducing carbon emissions. Eco friendly-increasingly popularity in waste segregation and using bio-materials will be beneficial for the industry as events in which participate a large number of people generate huge amount of waste which if not properly segregated cause many harmful results like formation of the huge garbage dumps by the failure to carry out recycling, higher prices of materials if recycling is not possible ,increase the amount of cutting the threes by the lack of paper for re preparation, minimalize degradation of the landscape. References History (26.01.2017) Retrieved from http://www.history.com/topics/olympic-games Safeconcerts (26.01.2017) .Retrieved from http://www.safeconcerts.com/festivals/t-in-the-park/t-in-the-park-history.asp Wikipedia-Olympic Games (28.01.2017) .Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games T in the park (26.01.2017) .Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_in_the_Park Wikipedia-Oktoberfest (28.01.2017 ) Retrieved from http://www.oktoberfest.de/en/ Economic impact ( 28.01.2017 ) Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/200686460_Economic_impact_studies_of_Beijing_2008_Olympic_Games Event trends ( 02.02.2017) .Retrieved from https://lessconversationmoreaction.com/2015/01/14/top-10-sustainable-event-trends-for-2020/ Event trends (02.02.2017).Retrieved from http://radar.sustainability.com/annual-trends-report/ Association of Events organisers ( 03.02.2017) .Retrieved from http://www.aeo.org.uk/